陕西不同气候区典型城市环境空气质量 对太阳辐射的影响研究

Study on influence of typical urban ambient air quality on solar radiation in of different climate regions of Shaanxi Province

摘要:

本文利用1991—2023年国家辐射站太阳总辐射资料、神木临时观测站2021年4月—2022年8月逐日总辐射、直接辐射和散射辐射等观测数据,2014-2020年空气质量监测数据及对应的逐小时辐射模拟数据,定义日照百分率大于80%作为晴天,引进太阳辐射消减量、削减率、散射系数,分析太阳辐射年际变化及环境空气质量对太阳辐射的影响。结果表明：(1)中国第一代全球大气再分析40年产品(CMA-RA)模拟太阳总辐射、直接辐射、散射辐射数据效果良好,可解决国家站辐射观测项目不全的问题。(2)陕西三个不同气候区太阳总辐射总体上呈波动性增加趋势,太阳总辐射空间分布上呈由南向北增加的特点。(3)在晴天(无云)的条件下,大气污染是影响到达地球表面太阳辐射的重要因素之一。各市在污染和非污染状况的平均总辐射差异较大,晴天各市PM2.5污染日总辐射小于非污染日,污染日太阳辐射的消减量、消减率和散射系数均大于清洁日。晴天时安康太阳总辐射消减量最大,消减量和消减率分别为12.1MJ/m2^和0.44。(4)延安、西安污染日散射系数分别为0.50和0.39,安康污染日散射系数0.23最小,与西安、延安环境空气质量较安康环境质量差相吻合也进一步验证了污染较重颗粒物浓度较高会造成散射辐射增加。对比相同日或相邻日西安污染物与散射系数关系可知,在气象因子差异不大的情况下,PM2.5对太阳辐射消减影响显著,随着PM2.5浓度的增加,辐射消减率显著增加。

Abstract:

This paper based on the total solar radiation data from 1991~2023, the air quality monitoring data of Xi"an from 2014 to 2020 and the corresponding hourly radiation simulation data, defined the percentage of greater than 80% as a sunny day, introduced the solar radiation reduction, reduction rate and scattering coefficient, analyzed the interannual variation of solar radiation and the influence of ambient air quality on solar radiation. (1)There are good simulation effect of Simulation of total solar radiation, direct radiation, scattered radiation number used the first-generation Global Atmospheric Reanalysis 40-year product of China (CMA-RA), it can solve the problem of incomplete radiation observation projects at national stations.(2)Since 1991, the total solar radiation in the three different climatic regions of Shaanxi Province has shown a fluctuating increasing trend, and the spatial distribution of total solar radiation has increased from south to north.(3)Under sunny conditions, atmospheric pollution is one of the important factors affecting the solar radiation reaching the Earth"s surface. There are great difference of average total radiation between PM2.5 pollution days and non-pollution days,the radiation reduction amount, reduction ratet and scattering coefficien on polluted days are greater than those on clean days.On sunny days, latgest of reduction amount and reduction ratet occured in Ankang, respectively were 12.1MJ/m2 and 0.44, smallest in Xi "an respectively were 12.1MJ/m2 and 0.44. In addition, the average scattering coefficient of PM2.5 polluted day in Yan"an and Xi"an respectively was 0.50 and 0.39, while in Ankang was 0.23. It is consistent with that the ambient air quality of Xi "an and Yan "an is worse than that of Ankang, further verified that the scattering radiation increases due to the higher concentration of polluted particles.(4)Compared the relationship between pollutants and scattering coefficient in Xi "an on the same day or adjacent days, it can be seen that PM2.5 has a significant impact on solar radiation reduction when there is little difference in meteorological factors, the radiation reduction rate increases significantly with the increase of PM2.5 concentration.