高影响天气对并网光伏电站开发全过程的影响研究进展

Review of the Impact of High-Impact Weather on the Entire Process of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power Stations Development

摘要:

在全球推进碳中和目标背景下，以光伏发电为代表的新能源将逐步由辅助能源转变成主力能源。近年来极端天气气候事件频发，随着大量光伏电站建成运营，光伏电站受灾案例屡见不鲜。深入了解极端天气对光伏电站开发过程中的影响机理，有助于及时采取有效防控措施，确保光伏行业健康安全发展。通过梳理相关文献，将影响光伏电站开发的高影响天气分为极端天气和不良天气两大类，归纳总结了各种高影响天气对光伏电站开发不同阶段的影响。结果表明：规划设计阶段，需识别并评估高影响天气风险，进行科学的选址和参数设计；施工建设阶段，暴雨导致桩基不稳、水土流失，大风影响起重作业，海雾雷电等影响海上光伏电站施工安全等；生产运营阶段，高影响天气会破坏光伏组件设施，降低光伏发电功率，导致光伏电站出力的剧烈波动，甚至可能威胁电网安全稳定。最后，提出了应对高影响天气的措施，包括提升极端天气风险评估和模拟技术，加强应急管理和高影响天气的监测预警，考虑高影响天气对光伏发电功率预测的影响等。

Abstract:

Under the background of global promotion of carbon neutrality, new energy represented by photovoltaic power generation will gradually change from auxiliary energy to main energy. In recent years, extreme weather and climate events have occurred frequently. With the completion and operation of a large number of photovoltaic power stations, the disaster cases of photovoltaic power stations are common. In-depth understanding of the impact mechanism of extreme weather on the development of photovoltaic power stations will help to take effective prevention and control measures in time to ensure the healthy and safe development of the photovoltaic industry. By reviewing relevant literature, high-impact weather affecting the development of photovoltaic (PV) power stations is categorized into two major categories: extreme weather and adverse weather. The effects of various high-impact weather on different stages of photovoltaic power station development are summarized. The results show that in the planning and design stage, it is necessary to identify and evaluate the high-impact weather risk, and carry out scientific site selection and parameter design. In the construction stage, rainstorm leads to instability of pile foundation, soil erosion, strong wind affects lifting operation, sea fog and lightning affect the construction safety of offshore photovoltaic power station, etc. In the production and operation stage, high-impact weather can damage photovoltaic component facilities, reduce the power output of photovoltaic generation, cause drastic fluctuations in the output of photovoltaic power stations, and even threaten the safety and stability of the power grid. Finally, the measures to deal with high-impact weather are proposed, including improving extreme weather risk assessment and modeling techniques, strengthening emergency management and monitoring and early warning of high-impact weather, and considering the impact of high-impact weather on photovoltaic power generation prediction.